Module 01 Digital Content Computer Concepts for End Users test bank

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1. _________ refers to the symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas.
ANSWER: Data

2. Data refers to the symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas.
a. True
b. False

3. Data becomes _______ when it is presented in a format that people can understand and use.
ANSWER: information

4. Data __________ refers to the form in which data is stored, processed, and transmitted.
ANSWER: representation

5. Digital data can be __________ that have been converted into discrete digits such as 0s and 1s.
a. text
b. numbers
c. graphics, sound, and video
d. all of the above

6. The process of converting information, such as text, numbers, photos, or music, into digital data that can be manipulated by electronic devices is called ___________.
a. binary
b. digitization
c. representation
d. none of the above

7. A file name extension indicates the file format.
a. True
b. False

8. The 0s and 1s used to represent digital data are referred to as _________ digits.
ANSWER: binary

9. ________ data consists of numbers that can be used in arithmetic operations.
a. Text
b. Digital
c. Numeric
d. Binary

10. The binary number system has only two digits: 1 and 2.
a. True
b. False

11. The _______ number system allows digital devices to represent virtually any number simply by using 0s and 1s.
a. digital
b. text
c. numeric
d. binary

12. Character data is composed of letters, symbols, and numerals that are used in calculations.
a. True
b. False

13. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) requires __________ bits for each character.
a. two
b. six
c. seven
d. ten

14. Unicode uses________ bits and provides codes for 65,000 characters.
a. seven
b. eight
c. ten
d. sixteen

15. Plain, unformatted text is sometimes called ASCII text.
a. True
b. False

16. ASCII text files contain formatting.
a. True
b. False

17. In a formatted text file, ________ signal(s) the beginning and end of a formatting command.
ANSWER: delimiter, delimiters

18. All of the data stored and transmitted by digital devices is encoded as bits.
a. True
b. False

19. A group of eight bits is called a _______.
a. byte
b. megabit
c. binary
d. numeric data

20. Transmission speeds are expressed in _______, whereas storage space is expressed in _______.
a. bits, bytes
b. bytes, bits
c. binary, numeric
d. none of the above

21. Data ____________ refers to any technique that recodes the data in a file so that it contains fewer bits.
ANSWER: compression

22. Lossy compression provides a way to compress data and reconstitute it into its original state.
a. True
b. False

23. Lossy compression throws away some of the original data during the compression process.
a. True
b. False

24. Compressed files often have ______ at the end of the file name.
a. .exe
b. .zip
c. .txt
d. none of the above

25. __________ is music, speech, and other sounds represented in binary format for use in digital devices.
a. MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
b. Speech recognition
c. Speech synthesis
d. Digital audio

26. To digitally record sound, __________ of a sound wave is/are collected at periodic intervals and stored as numeric data in an audio file.
ANSWER: samples, sample, sampling

27. Sampling _______ refers to the number of times per second that a sound is measured during the recording process.
a. rate
b. compression
c. depth
d. sound

28. To conserve space, applications that require high-quality sound use low sampling rates.
a. True
b. False

29. Regardless of sampling rate, digital audio file size can be reduced using audio compression techniques.
a. True
b. False

30. Most music for portable media players is stored in _______ audio file formats.
a. uncompressed
b. compressed
c. lossless
d. zipped

31. Digital audio is stored in a variety of file formats, including ___________.
a. WMA (Windows Media Audio)
b. WAV
c. MP3
d. all of the above

32. Which of the following is NOT a format that is used for digital audio?
a. MP3
b. DOC
c. WAV
d. Ogg

33. A(n) _______ is software that works in conjunction with your computer’s browser to manage and play audio that you are accessing from a Web page.
ANSWER: audio plugin

34. The technical term for ripping music tracks is digital audio extraction.
a. True
b. False

35. ______ specifies a standard way to store music data for synthesizers and computers.
ANSWER: MIDI

36. MIDI files are less compact than digital audio files.
a. True
b. False

37. One of the main disadvantages of MIDI is that it cannot produce vocals.
a. True
b. False

38. _________ enables people to control software with spoken commands, as well as dictate text into a word processing document.
a. MIDI
b. Speech synthesis
c. Speech recognition
d. Phoneme

39. __________ is the process by which machines produce sound that resembles spoken words.
ANSWER: Speech synthesis

40. Text-to-speech software analyzes the words in a section of text, finds corresponding phonemes, and combines them into sentences for output.
a. True
b. False

41. Speech recognition software analyzes the sounds of your voice and converts each word into groups of ________.
ANSWER: phonemes, phoneme

42. A bitmap graphic is composed of a grid of tiny rectangular cells.
a. True
b. False

43. Digital photographs are stored as bitmap files.
a. True
b. False

44. In a digital camera, a charge-coupled device’s (CCD’s) ________ correspond(s) to pixels.
ANSWER: photosites, photosite

45. Which of the following is NOT a type of bitmap format?
a. TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
b. RAW
c. PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
d. ZIP

46. Bitmap images are formed by a grid of _____.
ANSWER: pixels

47. Today’s color display devices represent color using the ______ color model.
a. RGB
b. PNG
c. BMP
d. none of the above

48. The number of colors available in a graphic is referred to as color _________.
a. depth
b. range
c. RGB
d. PNG

49. Eight-bit color depth is also called True Color.
a. True
b. False

50. The dimensions of the grid that forms a bitmap graphic are referred to as image __________.
ANSWER: resolution

51. Bitmap graphics are resolution dependent because each element is a discrete pixel.
a. True
b. False

52. An undesirable jagged appearance of a graphics image is referred to as _______.
ANSWER: pixelation

53. Most graphics software uses a process called pixel _________ to create new pixels by averaging the colors of nearby pixels.
a. polarization
b. interpolation
c. compression
d. resolution

54. Image __________ refers to any technique that recodes the data in an image file so that it contains fewer bits.
ANSWER: compression

55. TIFF, PNG, and GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) graphics formats offer lossy compression.
a. True
b. False

56. Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) files are compressed using lossy compression.
a. True
b. False

57. Lossy compression techniques discard some data from an image to shrink its file size.
a. True
b. False

58. Bitmap graphics are coded as a series of bits. Each bit represents the color of one ________.
ANSWER: pixel

59. Image editors provide an image __________ that can be used to adjust the brightness values for various ranges of dark, mid-range, or light pixels.
ANSWER: histogram

60. In the context of bitmap graphics editing, what technique employs algorithms that pull pixels from one area of an image and then apply them to another area?
a. Inpainting
b. Cloning
c. Noise reduction
d. Image enhancement

61. A clipping ______ essentially cuts an object out of an image and knocks out the background to make it transparent.
ANSWER: path

62. What is the term used to describe altering the pixel colors where the edges of the object and the background meet, so that the object appears to merge with the background?
a. Alpha blending
b. Clipping path
c. Cloning
d. Inpainting

63. A vector graphic consists of a set of instructions for creating a picture.
a. True
b. False

64. Instead of storing the color value for each pixel, a vector graphics file contains instructions that a computer uses to create the shape, size, position, and color for each object in an image.
a. True
b. False

65. When you change the size of a(n) _______ graphic, the objects change proportionally and maintain their smooth edges.
ANSWER: vector

66. Vector graphics file size does not depend on the size and complexity of the image.
a. True
b. False

67. Which of the following options are well suited for using vector graphics?
a. Line art
b. Logos
c. Diagrams
d. All of the above

68. All bitmap graphics are photos.
a. True
b. False

69. Which of the following file extensions is NOT a vector graphic?
a. .svg
b. .eps
c. .tif
d. .ai

70. Both scanners and digital cameras produce vector graphics.
a. True
b. False

71. What is another term for vector graphics software?
a. Drawing software
b. Photo editing software
c. Digital compositing
d. All of the above

72. A vector graphic can be converted into a bitmap graphic through a process called _________.
ANSWER: rasterizing, rasterization

73. After a vector graphic is converted to a bitmap, the resulting graphic no longer has the qualities of a vector graphic.
a. True
b. False

74. 3D graphics are based on vectors stored as a set of instructions describing the coordinates for lines and shapes in a three-dimensional space. What do these vectors form?
a. A bitmap graphic
b. A zipped file
c. A wireframe
d. All of the above

75. The process of covering a wireframe with surface color and texture is called _________.
ANSWER: rendering, render

76. Which of the following is the technique for adding light and shadows to a 3D image?
a. Rendering
b. Ray tracing
c. Wireframe
d. Rasterize

77. 3D graphics can be animated.
a. True
b. False

78. Which of the following tools would be found in 3D graphics software?
a. Rendering tools
b. Ray tracing tools
c. Surface texture tools
d. All of the above

79. Digital video uses bits to store color and brightness data for each video frame.
a. True
b. False

80. Analog footage can be digitized using video _____ equipment.
ANSWER: capture

81. Digital ________ captures moving images as bits, rather than on film.
ANSWER: cinematography

82. Digital video is a core technology for which of the following?
a. Digital television
b. Videoconferencing systems
c. Video messaging
d. All of the above

83. Which of the following is NOT a factor in the quality of digital video?
a. Frame rate and resolution
b. Color and bit depth
c. Compression technique
d. Memory technology in your camera

84. In digital video, each bitmap image is referred to as a(n) __________.
ANSWER: frame

85. The number of frames that are displayed per second is measured in _______.
a. compression
b. fps
c. color depth
d. bps

86. Digital videos look sharpest when they are displayed at a resolution that is larger than the frame size.
a. True
b. False

87. Video resolutions can be expressed as width x height.
a. True
b. False

88. Today’s widescreen devices, such as laptops and smartphones, are designed for the 16:9 __________.
a. resolution
b. aspect ratio
c. frame rate
d. all of the above

89. When 4:3 videos are displayed in a widescreen player, they are bordered by the black bars of a(n) _______.
ANSWER: letterbox

90. In digital video, as long as the proportion of horizontal and vertical pixels remains the same, the aspect ratio is consistent.
a. True
b. False

91. ________ is the number of bits that are processed during a specific unit of time, usually during one second.
a. Bit rate
b. Bit depth
c. Color depth
d. None of the above

92. Bit rate can be scaled down by reducing the resolution and applying ____________ techniques.
ANSWER: compression

93. In digital video, a lower resolution reduces the bit rate.
a. True
b. False

94. _______ compression can be applied to each frame of a video.
ANSWER: Intraframe

95. ________ compression stores only the pixels that change color from one frame to the next.
ANSWER: Interframe

96. Video compression can be expressed as a compression ______.
ANSWER: ratio

97. A(n) _______ is the software that compresses a video stream when a video is stored and decompresses the file when the video is played.
a. compression
b. codec
c. bitmap
d. resolution

98. Video files are stored in ________ formats that hold the compressed video stream and an audio stream.
ANSWER: container

99. Which of the following is NOT a type of digital video container file?
a. MP4
b. AVI
c. VOB (Video Object)
d. PNG

100. Transcoding digital videos does not cause a loss of quality.
a. True
b. False

101. A live stream is also called a(n) _______________________.
a. download
b. Webcast
c. on-demand stream
d. digital audio extraction

102. A(n) ___________________ stream sends media to a local device where it is stored temporarily, or “buffered,” until there is enough data to begin playback.
a. download
b. live
c. on-demand
d. delayed

103. Image _______________ creates a panoramic image by combining two or more photographs that have overlapping edges.
a. stitching
b. compression
c. cropping
d. compositing

104. Manipulating two-dimensional images to produce the illusion of three-dimensional depth is called ____________________.
a. pairing
b. stitching
c. stereoscopy
d. dimensionization

105. A(n) _____________________ is a graphic that uses red and blue overlays to create a stereoscopic effect.
a. stereo pair
b. anaglyph
c. VOB
d. JPEG

106. Which of the following projections captures a 360-degree image on a horizontal plane?
a. Rectilinear
b. Cylindrical
c. Spherical
d. Anaglyphic

107. _____________ adds computer-generated vector objects to a view of the real world.
a. Augmented reality
b. Cylindrical projection
c. Virtual reality
d. Stereoscopy

108. Pokemon Go is a game that’s based on ____________________ technology.
a. virtual reality
b. 360 projection
c. augmented reality
d. lossless compression

109. When vector animations are used for special effects in movies, the animation sequences are _____________.
a. scanned into PNG format
b. pre-rendered into digital video clips
c. compressed into anaglyphs
d. rendered real time

110. Many of the graphic sequences in video games require __________________ to produce a series of bitmap images while the game takes place.
a. real-time rendering
b. delayed buffering
c. spherical projection
d. motion cropping