Human Sexuality in a World of Diversity – Rathus – Chapter 6

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1) According to the text, the key factor in considering a potential partner for dates, sex, and marriage is

1. intelligence.
2. physical appearance.
3. personality.
4. family background.

 

2) Regarding beauty, research suggests

1. it’s completely a function of the beholder.
2. it’s partly a function of the beholder and partly a function of cultural standards.
3. our tastes are completely subjective.
4. both A and C are true.

 

3) In North America, which attribute do women find particularly attractive in men?

1. muscularity
2. brown eyes
3. tallness
4. slenderness

 

4) Research by Marcus and Miller (2003) found that when men and women rated their own attractiveness, their self-ratings

1. were similar to the ratings of others.
2. differed significantly from the ratings of others.
3. were similar to the ratings of other men but very different to the ratings of other women.
4. were similar to the ratings of other heterosexual women.

 

5) According to some studies, which is true regarding gender role expectations and perceptions of attractiveness?

1. Men are more likely to be attracted to socially dominant women.
2. Women are more likely to be attracted to socially dominant men.
3. Men are more likely to be attracted to outgoing women.
4. Women are more likely to be attracted to introspective men.

 

6) When we are more pleasant and helpful with others who seem to be similar to ourselves, we exhibit

1. reciprocity.
2. propinquity.
3. compatibility.
4. selectivity.

 

7) Cohen and Tannenbaum (2001) found that lesbian and bisexual women were similar to heterosexual women and men in terms of what they found attractive. However, the key difference was that bisexual and lesbian women rated __________________ women as more attractive.

1. androgynous
2. masculine
3. heavier
4. taller

 

8) Which is true regarding the preferred female figure in the Canada?

1. The hour-glass figure is viewed as most attractive and desirable for long-term relationships.
2. Wide hips and a broad pelvis are widely recognized as sexually appealing.
3. Very thin women are considered highly attractive and desirable.
4. Slender, short women are viewed as attractive and desirable for long-term relationships.

 

9) Susan Sprecher and her colleagues found that women were more likely than men to marry someone who

1. was not good-looking.
2. was not likely to hold a steady job.
3. had less education than they had.
4. was younger by five or more years.

 

10) Research shows that ____ % of Canadians choose partners from their own racial background.

1. 85
2. 75
3. 95
4. 90

 

11) In terms of attractiveness, cross-cultural research suggests that

1. certain facial features typify beauty universally.
2. larger body sizes typify beauty universally.
3. personality is rated as the most attractive quality universally.
4. a fit, well-developed musculature is universally accepted as attractive.

 

12) In addition to physical features, attractiveness appears to depend on

1. familiarity.
2. respect.
3. gender-role expectations.
4. all of the above.

 

13) In one study, men were more likely to be jealous of

1. socially dominant men.
2. physically attractive men.
3. self-expressive men.
4. taller men.

 

14) Men who viewed videos in the Riggio and Woll (1984) study were put off by

1. highly feminine, submissive women.
2. wealthy women.
3. taller women.
4. expressive, dominant women.

 

15) When searching for a prospective spouse, which characteristic was not rated as important by both men and women?

1. assertiveness
2. physical attractiveness
3. responsibility
4. sexual skill

 

16) According to evolutionary theorists, which of the following traits is the most influential one for women’s choice of a mate?

1. frugality.
2. physical attractiveness.
3. earning potential.
4. youth.

 

17) Evolutionary theory suggests that when men choose a potential mate, they place greater emphasis than women on

1. expressiveness.
2. physical attraction.
3. kindness.
4. earning potential.

 

18) Which statement best reflects Buss’ s findings from his study of cross-cultural preferences for mate selection ?

1. Women placed greater value than men on physical attractiveness.
2. Women preferred men who were their own age or slightly younger.
3. Men placed more emphasis on youth and physical attractiveness.
4. Women placed less emphasis on earning capacity than on physical attractiveness.

 

19) Which of the following features appears to be universally associated with attractiveness?

1. high cheekbones
2. wide jaw
3. full upper and lower lips
4. a small distance between the eyes

 

20) Criticism of an evolutionary approach to mate selection is based on the argument that

1. society is largely influenced by economics.
2. cultural differences account for preferences in mate selection.
3. male-dominated social structures lead to an emphasis on female physical attributes and male economic attributes.
4. feminism has led to more gender equality in society.

 

21) Which statement most accurately reflects mate selection by women?

1. Women will forego job status in favour of romance.
2. Women will forego family of origin in favour of attractive looks.
3. Women will forego attractive looks in favour of steady earning potential.
4. Women will forego educational background in favour of youth and attractiveness.

 

22) In 2005, the Compass survey found that compared to men, women valued all of the following traits for an ideal spouse except

1. a similar religion.
2. a good education and intelligence.
3. financial success.
4. good looks.

 

23) Almost universally, men prefer

1. younger women.
2. slender women.
3. intelligent women.
4. submissive women.

 

24) Almost universally, women prefer

1. younger men.
2. muscular men.
3. older men.
4. intelligent men.

 

25) Evolutionary psychologists believe that age and health may be more important to a woman’s appeal because they are associated with

1. the ability to provide.
2. the ability to nurture.
3. reproductive capacity.
4. a more satisfying sex life.

 

26) According to some evolutionary psychologists, certain gender differences in mate preference exist because they

1. offer reproductive advantages.
2. are genetically programmed.
3. are culturally determined.
4. reflect the natural order of gender roles.

 

27) In all 37 cultures studied by David Buss, which was true for men in terms of choosing a potential mate?

1. Men placed great value on a female’s earning potential.
2. Men placed great value on a female’s good looks.
3. Men placed more value on honesty than intelligence.
4. Men placed more value on fidelity than kindness.

 

28) Following the finding of researchers at Queen’s University in Ontario, a lesbian would find which of the following pictures as most attractive? A picture of

20. a woman under 20.
21. a woman age 21–30.
22. a woman age 30–39.
23. a woman age 40–50.

 

29) Despite gender differences, both men and women report that they place greater value on ________ in judging prospective mates.

1. physical features
2. personal characteristics
3. age
4. personal resources

 

30) Research indicates that women consider it important to share similar _______________ with a prospective partner.

1. attitudes
2. status
3. intelligence
4. desires

 

31) In terms of mate selection, the attraction-similarity hypothesis proposes that people tend to develop romantic relationships with people who are similar in

1. physical attractiveness.
2. intelligence.
3. attitude.
4. all of the above.

 

32) According to a 2010 study of Canadians, those individuals who felt that they were loved were

1. economically more secure than those who did not feel as if they were loved.
2. in better health than others who did not feel as if they were loved.
3. happier than others who did not feel as if they were loved.
4. less likely to be depressed than others who did not feel as if they were loved.

33) Generally speaking, which of the following is similar between sex and marriage partners?

1. ethnicity
2. age
3. religion
4. all of the above

 

34) Sarah feels greatly admired by her partner, Susan. When Susan gives her compliments about her abilities, Sarah feels motivated to support and compliment Susan. This type of exchange in relationships is called

1. social exchange.
2. storge.
3. reciprocity.
4. agape.

 

35) The text claims that our culture idealizes romantic love. Which of the following best expresses what that means?

1. We create the conditions for a lasting love.
2. We recognize that love must be understood within a cultural context.
3. We perceive love to be powerful and all-consuming.
4. We recognize the importance of love when choosing a partner.

 

36) One of the reasons given for individuals being more likely to disclose intimate information about themselves online as opposed to in a traditional dating situation is that

1. the lack of face-to-face forces couples to share more to enhance the level of intimacy.
2. most couples use pseudonyms to ensure they remain anonymous.
3. the distance between the couple provides a sense of security.
4. the need to establish an immediate connection.

 

37) The type of love that binds friends, parents, and children through attachment or deep friendship is called

1. agape.
2. storge.
3. philia.

 

38) Love that is characterized by selfless giving is called

1. eros.
2. agape.
3. ludus.
4. pragma.

 

39) Which type of love is described as selfless love and is similar to charity and generosity?

1. storge
2. pragma
3. eros
4. agape

 

40) Love that is based on liking and respect rather than sexual desire is called

1. storge.
2. eros.
3. agape.
4. philia.

 

41) The kind of love you feel for your best friend would best be described as

1. storge.
2. agape.
3. philia.
4. eros.

 

42) Aaron and Marcos have been friends for years, sharing intimate conversations and interests. Lately they have both noticed a growing sexual component in their feelings for each other. In their relationship, Aaron and Marcos may be experiencing a shift from

1. eros love to storge love.
2. philia love to agape love.
3. philia love to eros love.
4. storge love to agape love.

 

43) Which of the following is true of the experience of romantic love during adolescence?

1. It is strongly influenced by culture.
2. It is partly arousal and partly a fanciful image of the object of our affection.
3. It is perhaps more accurately called lust.
4. all of the above

 

44) In 2008, a national Canadian survey found that ____% of men and women reported that they had been in love at least once.

1. 85
2. 78
3. 90
4. 98

 

Answer: d

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 163

Skill: Applied

 

45) Marlene and Terrin have just fallen in love. They feel an intense desire to be close to each other and spend as much time together as possible. When not together, both feel intensely excited and anxious. Generally their time is spent fantasizing about their next date. What stage of love are Margaret and Terry experiencing?

1. companionate love
2. realistic love
3. infatuation
4. consummate love

 

Answer: c

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 163-164

Skill: Applied

 

46) Intense absorption in another person, accompanied by sexual desire, general physiological arousal, or excitement is called

1. consummate love.
2. empty love.
3. selfless love.
4. infatuation.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 163

Skill: Recall

 

47) What distinguishes a lasting romantic love from infatuation?

1. Partners view each other more romantically.
2. Partners view each other more realistically.
3. Sexual desire increases.
4. Sexual desire decreases.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 163-164

Skill: Applied

 

48) Which of the following is true about infatuation and a lasting mutual love?

1. Infatuation is not a necessary first step.
2. Infatuation is a necessary first step.
3. Lasting mutual love always follows infatuation.
4. If only one partner is infatuated, the relationship cannot move on to a lasting mutual love.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 164

Skill: Applied

 

49) According to Clyde and Susan Hendricks, game-playing love is similar to the Greek style of love called

1. storge.
2. pragma.
3. ludus.
4. philia.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 165

Skill: Recall

 

50) Julia gets upset whenever she sees her boyfriend look at another woman, and they have serious arguments because of her jealousy. Julia’s style of love is referred to as

1. agape.
2. mania.
3. eros.
4. storge.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 165-66

Skill: Applied

 

51) The perception that one has fallen in love is derived from all of the following simultaneous events except

1. a state of intense physiological arousal that is connected to the love object.
2. a cultural setting that idealizes romantic love.
3. a feeling that one could not continue without being with the person.
4. the attribution of the arousal to feelings of love toward the person.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 164

Skill: Applied

 

52) Satisfying love relationships are characterized by high levels of

1. eros and mania.
2. ludus and agape.
3. agape and eros.
4. philia and pragma.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 174

Skill: Applied

 

53) A love relationship based on practical aspects such as potential parenting skills and societal status is an example of

1. agape.
2. ludus.
3. storge.
4. pragma.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 165

Skill: Applied

 

54) “I am willing to share myself and my possessions with my partner,” is an example of

1. intimacy.
2. passion.
3. commitment.
4. infatuation.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 166

Skill: Applied

 

55) “I will always feel a strong responsibility for my partner,” is an example of

1. intimacy.
2. passion.
3. commitment.
4. infatuation.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 166

Skill: Applied

 

56) “The best love grows out of an enduring friendship,” is a statement typical of

1. agape.
2. philia
3. eros
4. ludus.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 165-166

Skill: Applied

 

57) “I cannot imagine another person making me as happy as my partner does,” is a statement typical of:

1. intimacy.
2. infatuation.
3. commitment.
4. passion.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 166

Skill: Applied

 

58) Which is not a style of love found in Hendrick and Hendrick’s Love Attitudes Scale?

1. romantic love
2. passionate love
3. selfless love
4. logical love

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 165-166

Skill: Recall

 

59) According to Sternberg’s model, what leads to a good match?

1. balanced levels of friendship, excited love, and selfless love
2. similar religious and political views
3. closely matched commitments with differing needs for intimacy
4. corresponding levels of passion, intimacy, and commitment

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 167

Skill: Applied

 

60) According to Robert Sternberg, which of the following statements is true?

1. Romantic love has passion, intimacy, and commitment.
2. Liking is a basis for friendship.
3. Consummate love has commitment and intimacy but lacks passion.
4. Consummate love has passion and commitment but lacks intimacy.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 167

Skill: Applied

 

61) A relationship that has both passion and intimacy but lacks commitment is called

1. empty love.
2. romantic love.
3. fatuous love.
4. consummate love.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 167

Skill: Applied

 

62) David and Cherise stay together for the sake of the children. Though their marriage no longer has intimacy or passion, they feel a deep sense of commitment to raising their children in a two-parent home. What type of love do Robert and Cherise display?

1. empty love
2. consummate love
3. fatuous love
4. companionate love

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 167-68

Skill: Applied

 

63) A loving experience with another person or a friendship in which intimacy is present but passion and commitment are lacking is called

1. romantic love.
2. nonlove.
3. liking.
4. infatuation.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 167

Skill: Applied

 

64) Most couples strive to attain a love characterized by a complete combination of passion, intimacy, and commitment. Sternberg called this type of love

1. consummate.
2. companionate.
3. romantic.
4. fatuous.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 166

Skill: Applied

 

65) Which of the following is true about dedication?

1. It is the basis for friendship.
2. It is how passion is built.
3. It is involved in commitment.
4. It is unnecessary for consummate love.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 166

Skill: Applied

 

66) Suzy and Donna shared physical intimacy but were unwilling to share information about their personal hopes and fears. Which of the following is probably true?

1. They lack the quality most often associated with true friendship.
2. They have a consummate love for one another.
3. Their relationship is best characterized as romantic love.
4. Their relationship is best described as nonlove.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 167

Skill: Applied

 

67) According to Robert Sternberg, love in which intimacy and commitment are strong but passion is lacking is called

1. empty love.
2. consummate love.
3. companionate love.
4. fatuous love.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 168

Skill: Recall

 

68) Marriages based on deep and abiding friendship but lacking in passion are described by Sternberg as high in

1. fatuous love.
2. consummate love.
3. empty love.
4. companionate love.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 168

Skill: Recall

 

69) Fatuous love is

1. empty love.
2. companionate love.
3. a relationship that has both passion and commitment but lacks intimacy.
4. a relationship that has both passion and intimacy but lacks commitment.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 166

Skill: Recall

 

70) Couples that recognize that passion exerts a strong pull early in a relationship may

1. wish to marry quickly before they lose their partner.
2. start new relationships when the passion ends.
3. assume that their love is at an end.
4. be less likely to rush into marriage.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 168

Skill: Recall

 

71) Levine (2000) encourages online daters to

1. avoid exchanging pictures and sound files early in a relationship.
2. reveal personal details in order to encourage intimacy.
3. avoid physical encounters within the first few weeks.
4. meet within a month or so to check out the accuracy of computer mediated impressions.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 162

Skill: Recall

 

72) For each of Sternberg’s types of love, match the type with its correct description.

 

73) In Canada, both men and women find slenderness an important component of physical attraction.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 155

Skill: Applied

 

74) Most people assume that attractive individuals tend to be happier and more successful than less attractive people.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 155

Skill: Applied

 

75) Men rate smiling faces to be more attractive, while women rate serious expressions to be more attractive.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 157

Skill: Applied

 

76) It is not uncommon for passionate love to evolve into a more intimate and committed love in long-term relationships.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 168

Skill: Applied

 

77) Sternberg’s triangular theory presents three kinds of love.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 166

Skill: Applied

 

78) Women often feel compelled to justify their sexual experiences as involving people they love.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 163

Skill: Applied

 

79) Female university undergraduates prefer men who are similar to their own height.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 155

Skill: Applied

 

80) Physical appeal has little influence on an individual’s choice of partner.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 155

Skill: Applied

 

81) The evolutionary view of gender differences in preferences for mates is often debated and subject to criticism.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 160

Skill: Applied

 

82) According to the text, we are more likely to be attracted to people who disagree with our views and tastes than to people who share them.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 154-155

Skill: Applied

 

83) Infatuation is typified by strong sexual desire but not by intimacy and commitment.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 167

Skill: Applied

 

84) A 2005 Compass survey found that Canadian men were more concerned with the religious background of a prospective spouse than were Canadian women.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 159

Skill: Applied

 

85) Men are more willing than women to marry someone of a different race.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 158

Skill: Applied

 

86) Women are more likely than men to marry someone who has more education than they do.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 158

Skill: Applied

 

87) In societies where women are economically dependent on men, a man’s appeal may depend more on his money than his physical appeal.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 159-161

Skill: Applied

 

88) Discuss how cultural differences influence the definition of beauty and the perception of physical attractiveness.

 

Answer:

– Perceptions of beauty differ between cultures, however some standards are cross-cultural (e.g., height, facial features).

– In some cultures, heavier women are considered more attractive. In other cultures, slenderness is more desired.

– Perception of physical attractiveness is influenced by non-physical traits such as shared values and goals.

 

 

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 155-160

Skill: Conceptual

 

89) Discuss the similarities and differences between traits that men find attractive and traits that women find attractive in choosing a potential partner for a relationship.

 

Answer:

– Men: slenderness, frugality, cooking ability, physical attractiveness, race, intelligence

– Women: muscularity, height, wealth, education, race, intelligence, attractiveness

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 158-161

Skill: Integrated

 

90) Explain the attraction-similarity hypothesis, and discuss whether you agree or disagree with this theory.

 

Answer:

– People tend to develop romantic relationships with people who are similar to them.

– The adage that “opposites attract” is debatable.

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 154

Skill: Conceptual / application

 

91) Discuss how reciprocity plays a role in attraction and enhances the possibility that relationships will be formed.

 

Answer:

– When people are complimentary towards us we tend to respond with similar positive words and actions.

– Couples who provide positive feedback to each other enhance their relationships and feelings of commitment.

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 155

Skill: Conceptual

 

92) Define and give an example of each of the following: storge, agape, philia, and eros love.

 

Answer:

– storge: loving attachment and nonsexual affection; the emotion that binds parents and children

– agape: selfless love; generosity and charity

– philia: friendship love; liking and respect, no sexual desire

– eros: passion. “love at first sight”

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 162-163

Skill: Integrated

 

93) What factors differentiate lasting romantic love from infatuation?

 

Answer:

– a state of intense absorption in or focus on another person, which is usually accompanied by sexual desire, elation, and general physiological arousal and excitement; passion

– realistic views of the other person develop during a more lasting romantic love

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 163-164

Skill: Conceptual

 

94) Discuss the three distinct components of love in Robert Sternberg’s triangular theory of love and how each component relates to a successful or unsuccessful relationship.

 

Answer:

– intimacy: warmth toward another person that arises from feelings of closeness, bondedness, and connectedness to the other; desire to give and receive emotional support and share innermost thoughts

– passion: intense romantic or sexual desire for another person, accompanied by physiological arousal; must want the other person

– commitment: component of love that involves dedication to the relationship through good and bad; must want to stay with the person

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 166-168

Skill: Conceptual

 

95) Choose three of Sternberg’s types of love and discuss their characteristics.

 

Answer:

– liking (only intimacy); romantic (no commitment); empty (only commitment); fatuous (no intimacy); companionate (no passion); consummate (intimacy, passion, and commitment)

 

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 166-168

Skill: Conceptual