Sexually transmitted infections – Human Sexuality in a World of Diversity – Rathus – Chapter 14

---

 

Download  file with the answers

Not a member!
Create a FREE account here to get access and download this file with answers

---

 

1) Overall, which are the most common STIs in Canada?

1. chlamydia and HIV
2. chlamydia and gonorrhea
3. human papillomavirus and genital herpes
4. human papillomavirus and gonorrhea.

 

2) Of the reportable bacterial STIs in Canada, the most common is

1. syphilis.
2. HIV.
3. gonorrhea.
4. chlamydia.

 

3) How many people in the world are estimated by the World Health Organization to be infected with an STI each year?

1. 112 million
2. 67 million
3. 340 million
4. 692 million

 

4) Which of the following is not one of the factors that may have contributed to the increase in the reported rate of chlamydia in recent years in Canada?

1. an increase in the number of people being tested
2. an increase in the number of gonorrhea cases misdiagnosed as chlamydia
3. more sensitive tests being used
4. an increase in the number of people who were infected

 

5) Approximately what percentage of chlamydia infections among men does not have symptoms?

1. less than 15%
2. less than 30%
3. up to 50%
4. up to 70%

 

6) Approximately what percentage of chlamydia infections in women has no symptoms?

1. less than 15%
2. less than 30%
3. up to 50%
4. up to 70%

 

7) If left untreated, a woman’s chlamydia infection can result in

1. HPV.
2. PID.
3. SID.
4. HSV.

 

8) Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of chlamydia is accurate?

1. It is not a treatable infection.
2. It is treatable but the underlying infection cannot be cured.
3. Treatment involves a lengthy course of anti-viral medication.
4. It is effectively treated with antibiotics.

 

9) Marcia has just learned from her gynecologist that she has a chlamydia infection. He advises her to immediately begin antibiotic therapy. Marcia learns that, without treatment, she runs an increased risk of

1. cervical cancer.
2. uterine cancer.
3. kidney damage.
4. infertility.

 

10) A man who experiences a discharge from his penis that is clear at first but then becomes yellow to yellow-green within a couple of days is likely to have

1. chlamydia or gonorrhea.
2. chlamydia or syphilis.
3. gonorrhea or HPV.
4. gonorrhea or syphilis.

 

11) In nearly half of the cases of gonorrhea, individuals were also infected with

1. herpes.
2. chlamydia.
3. hepatitis B.
4. HIV.

 

12) What is the chance that a woman will contract gonorrhea after being exposed once by having sex with an infected partner?

1. 10%
2. 25%
3. 40%
4. 50%

 

13) What is the chance that a man will contract gonorrhea after being exposed once by having sex with an infected partner?

1. 10%
2. 25%
3. 40%
4. 50%

 

14) The primary site of gonorrhea infection in women is the

1. cervix.
2. labia.
3. fallopian tubes.
4. endometrial lining.

 

15) If left untreated, gonorrhea in women may result in

1. HPV.
2. SID.
3. PID.
4. HSV.

 

16) In men, gonorrhea may lead to __________, which can cause fertility problems.

1. epidymitis
2. pelvic inflammatory disease
3. prodromal symptoms
4. cervicitis

 

17) Pharyngeal gonorrhea is characterized by

1. a yellow-green pus at the tip of the penis.
2. a persistent sore throat and throat infection.
3. swelling and inflammation of the cervix.
4. eye problems that could lead to blindness.

 

18) Because of resistant strains, the recommended antibiotic for treating gonorrhea is

1. ceftriaxone.
2. penicillin.
3. doxycycline.
4. erythromycin.

 

19) Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of gonorrhea is accurate?

1. It is not a treatable infection.
2. It is treatable, but the underlying infection cannot be cured.
3. Treatment involves a lengthy course of anti-viral medication.
4. It is effectively treated with antibiotics.

 

20) The bacterium that causes syphilis is

1. ureaplasma urealyticum.
2. trichmonas vaginalis.
3. treponema pallidum.
4. S. sarcoptes.

 

21) Syphilis can be transmitted in all of the following ways except

1. oral-genital contact.
2. using the same toilet seat as an infected person.
3. touching a chancre.
4. anal intercourse.

 

22) Glen woke up this morning with a skin rash consisting of painless, red bumps over most of his body. He is running a slight temperature. At first he thought it was simply the flu, but then he remembered that he had seen a spot similar to those on his body but larger on his penis several months earlier. Glen’s symptoms would be characteristic of

1. secondary stage syphilis.
2. primary stage syphilis.
3. latency stage syphilis.
4. tertiary stage syphilis.

 

23) In a syphilis infection, a chancre usually heals in a few

1. hours.
2. days.
3. weeks.
4. months.

 

24) Which statement is true about latent stage syphilis?

1. The latent stage is marked by periodic outbreaks of chancres.
2. A person can be in the latent stage from 1 to 40 years.
3. In the latent stage, a mother cannot transmit syphilis to her child during delivery.
4. Spirochetes stop multiplying.

 

25) The treatment of choice for syphilis is

1. a dose of T. pallidum antibodies.
2. ciprofloxacin.
3. penicillin.
4. doxycycline.

 

26) The most common symptom for women with vaginitis is

1. genital irritation.
2. itching and burning during urination.
3. inflammation.
4. odorous discharge.

 

27) Bacterial vaginosis is most often caused by

1. candida albicans.
2. gardnerella vaginalis.
3. trichomoniasis vaginalis.

 

28) Which is not another term for candidiasis?

1. thrush
2. moniliasis
3. vaginosis
4. yeast infection

 

29) Areez is seeing her gynecologist because she is experiencing itching, burning, and inflammation of the labia. In addition, she has noticed a white, thick, curd-like discharge. Areez’s symptoms are characteristic of

1. a gardnerella infection.
2. a trichomonal infection.
3. a candida infection.
4. a gonorrheal infection.

 

30) How many Canadian women will experience at least one yeast infection in their lifetime?

1. 15%
2. 30%
3. 60%
4. 75%

 

31) What percentage of Canadian women will have at least one episode of candidiasis during their lifetime?

1. 25%
2. 45%
3. 75%
4. 95%

 

32) Trichomonas vaginalis is a

1. bacteria.
2. parasite.
3. virus.
4. fungus.

 

33) Kendra complains of burning and itching in the vulva. In addition, she has noticed a foamy, whitish to yellow-green discharge. Which STI has Kendra contracted?

1. gardnerella
2. trichomoniasis
3. herpes
4. chlamydia

 

34) Of the following STIs, which can be transmitted through infected semen or vaginal discharges on towels, washcloths, bedclothes, and toilet seats?

1. candidiasis
2. gonorrhea
3. syphilis
4. trichomoniasis

 

35) Which of the following is not a bacterial STI?

1. syphilis
2. trichomoniasis
3. chlamydia
4. gonorrhea

 

36) What are viruses?

1. bacterial agents
2. tiny particles of DNA surrounded by a protein coating
3. particles that respond to antibodies in the blood stream
4. genetic mutations that enter the body through the skin or blood stream

 

37) The majority of people with HIV live in countries

1. in the northern hemisphere.
2. with higher than average numbers of gay males in the population.
3. that are low- or middle-income.
4. that are middle- or high-income.

 

38) In Africa, most new HIV infections are transmitted through

1. men having sex with men.
2. heterosexual sex.
3. contaminated needles.
4. blood transfusions.

 

39) It is estimated that ______ of people in Canada with HIV are unaware that they are infected.

1. 6%
2. 16%
3. 26%
4. 46%

 

40) In the years just prior to 1997, women accounted for about 7% of AIDS cases in Canada. By 2008, women accounted for about _____ of AIDS cases.

1. 14%
2. 24%
3. 34%
4. 44%

 

41) Among First Nations people, the most common means of HIV transmission is/are

1. contaminated blood products.
2. men who have sex with men.
3. mother to child transmission.
4. injection drug use.

 

42) In 2008, what percentage of HIV-positive test reports was from men who have sex with men?

1. 45%
2. 65%
3. 85%
4. 95%

 

43) HIV directly attacks the immune system by invading and destroying a type of lymphocyte called the

1. reverse transcriptase.
2. B cell.
3. CD4 cell.
4. antibodies.

 

44) Shortly after infection with the HIV virus, individuals will

1. have no symptoms.
2. begin to have night sweats and chronic diarrhea.
3. experience a slow decline in circulating antibody cells.
4. have flu-like symptoms that last for a few weeks, then disappear.

 

45) Which is not a disease connected with AIDS?

1. pneumonia
2. cryptorchidism
3. Kaposi’s sarcoma
4. toxoplasmosis of the brain

 

46) Female-to-male HIV transmission through vaginal intercourse is _________ compared to male-to-female transmission through vaginal intercourse.

1. equally likely
2. less likely
3. slightly more likely
4. much more likely

 

47) Worldwide, the main route of transmission for HIV is

1. heterosexual sex.
2. through blood and blood products.
3. through shared needles.
4. homosexual sex.

 

48) Which is not a bodily fluid that can transmit HIV?

1. blood
2. breast milk
3. vaginal secretions
4. saliva

 

49) In testing for HIV, an ELISA test detects

1. the number of CD4 cells circulating in the blood.
2. the amount of virus circulating in the blood.
3. the amount of virus in semen or vaginal fluids.
4. the presence of antibodies to HIV in the blood.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 390

Skill: Recall

 

50) Highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS includes

1. Cervarix.
2. protease inhibitor.
3. enzyme-linked antigen.
4. ELISA.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 391

Skill: Recall

 

51) Canadian researchers have found that HAART

1. reduces the risk of HIV transmission.
2. increases the risk of HIV transmission for men who have sex with men.
3. has no effect on HIV transmission.
4. increases the risk of HIV transmission for people who have other STIs.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 392

Skill: Recall

 

52) The approximate percentage of genital herpes infections that are asymptomatic is

1. 40%.
2. 60%.
3. 80%.
4. 98%.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 392

Skill: Recall

 

53) Which variants of the herpes virus can be transmitted through sexual contact?

1. HSV 1, 2, and 3
2. HSV 1 and 2
3. HSV 2 and 3
4. HSV 2

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 393

Skill: Applied

 

54) In regard to transmission of the herpes virus, which statement is false?

1. Genital herpes can only be spread to others during an outbreak.
2. HSV-1 is easily transmitted through shared drinking glasses.
3. The herpes viruses can survive for several hours on toilet seats or other objects.
4. Herpes can be spread from one part of the body to another.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 393

Skill: Applied

 

55) Which of the following statements about HSV-2 and condom use is most accurate?

1. Condoms do not offer any protection against HSV-2 transmission.
2. Consistent condom use reduces the risk of HSV-2 transmission but is not effective for lesions not covered by the condom.
3. People who use condoms consistently do not need to be concerned about HSV-2.
4. Condoms only reduce the risk of HSV-2 transmission when a person is having an outbreak.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 393

Skill: Applied

 

56) With respect to the treatment of genital herpes, which of the following statements is false?

1. There are no treatments available that can lessen the symptoms of herpes.
2. Warm bathes and aspirin may reduce pain during flare-ups.
3. Antibiotics are not effective in treating herpes.
4. Antiviral medications can reduce the frequency and duration of outbreaks.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 394

Skill: Recall

 

57) With respect to the psychological and social impact of herpes, which of the following statements is false?

1. People who view their infection as a manageable condition rather than as a medical calamity will have an easier time adjusting.
2. The psychological impact of herpes can be more distressing than its physical effects.
3. People with herpes are generally unable to establish and maintain intimate relationships.
4. Unattached people with herpes can be advised to look for partners who are trusting and caring.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 394

Skill: Applied

 

58) What is hepatitis?

1. inflammation of the liver
2. inflammation of the large intestines
3. inflammation of the small intestines
4. inflammation of the pituitary gland

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 394

Skill: Recall

 

59) Which is not a symptom of people with acute hepatitis?

1. jaundice
2. nausea
3. loss of appetite
4. genital lesions

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 406

Skill: Applied

 

60) Which type of hepatitis is associated with contaminated food but can also be transmitted through oral-anal contact?

1. hepatitis D
2. hepatitis B
3. hepatitis A
4. hepatitis C

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 395

Skill: Recall

 

61) Which is true regarding transmission of hepatitis?

1. Hepatitis A can be transmitted through vaginal intercourse, fellatio, or cunnilingus.
2. Hepatitis C is transmitted through contact with infected fecal matter.
3. Hepatitis D can be transmitted by contact with contaminated saliva.
4. Hepatitis B can be transmitted sexually, or through contaminated blood, menstrual blood, nasal secretions, or personal items like toothbrushes.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 395

Skill: Applied

 

62) The world’s most common sexually transmitted infection is

1. HPV.
2. chlamydia.
3. gonorrhea.
4. HSV.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 395

Skill: Recall

 

63) Which of the following statements about HPV infection is false?

1. It is estimated that up to 70% of Canadians will have an HPV infection in their lifetime.
2. Up to 90% of HPV infections will clear within two years.
3. Similar to HSV, HPV is considered to be a lifelong infection.
4. HPV types 16 and 18, which are responsible for most cases of cervical cancer, do not cause genital warts.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 408

Skill: Applied

 

64) Which of the following statements about HPV is false?

1. Sexual intercourse is a common means of HPV transmission.
2. The Gardasil vaccine protects against cervical cancer but not against genital warts.
3. Consistent condom use reduces the risk of HPV infection.
4. HPV types 6 and 11 cause genital warts.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 395-396

Skill: Recall

 

65) Which of the following statements about genital warts is true?

1. Removing genital warts eliminates the virus from the body.
2. A person infected with HPV types 6 or 11 will develop genital warts within a few weeks.
3. Although genital warts may recur after treatment they eventually will clear up.
4. Warts caused by HPV only infect the genital area.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 396

Skill: Applied

 

66) HPV has been associated with an increased risk of

1. cervical and penile cancer.
2. pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.
3. ovarian and prostate cancer.
4. pelvic inflammatory disease and testicular cancer.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 395

Skill: Recall

 

67) Which is not true about pediculosis?

1. It is also called “crabs.”
2. It causes itching.
3. It can be transmitted only through intercourse.
4. It can be treated with a prescription medication, a 1% solution of lindane.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 397

Skill: Applied

 

68) Joe is suffering from intense itching in the pubic region. He notices that there are tiny red lines on his groin and a few areas that look like welts. What has Joe contracted?

1. trichomoniasis
2. scabies
3. molluscum contagiosum
4. pubic lice

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 397

Skill: Applied

 

69) Which of the following is not a biological factor involved in the epidemiology of STIs?

1. gender
2. asymptomatic cases
3. alcohol and drug abuse
4. lifelong infections

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 398-399

Skill: Recall

 

70) A study by Klein and Knauper (2003) found that some young people are less likely to use condoms because they

1. are paralyzed by fear of STIs.
2. underestimate the effectiveness of condoms in preventing STIs.
3. do not know how to use condoms properly.
4. purposely avoid thinking about STIs.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 399

Skill: Recall

 

71) Among sexually active women, condom use

1. is more common among 20- to 24-year-olds than among 15- to 19-year-olds.
2. is more common among 15- to 19-year-olds than among 20- to 24-year-olds.
3. is equally common among 15- to 19- and 20- to 24-year-olds.
4. more common among 30- to 39-year-olds than among 15- to 19-year-olds.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 400

Skill: Recall

 

72) Which of the following was not a reason given for not using condoms by gay and bisexual men participating in an Ontario study? 

1. belief that condoms are not effective in preventing HIV
2. fear of erection loss with condom use
3. being in a trusting relationship
4. low self-esteem

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 401

Skill: Recall

 

73) Which of the following statements concerning the STI risk of oral sex is most accurate?

1. Oral sex carries no risk of STI infection.
2. Oral sex is higher risk for STI transmission than intercourse.
3. Oral sex and intercourse carry an equal risk for HIV infection.
4. Oral sex carries a lower risk for HIV and some STIs than intercourse, but risk is not eliminated.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 405

Skill: Applied

 

74) Which of the following is not a reason identified in the literature reviewed in the textbook for why some women are at high risk for STI?

1. Women who love their partners are less likely to believe that they will contract an STI.
2. Women tend to be less concerned about STI than men.
3. Women who have abusive partners are less able to protect themselves from STI.
4. Women are more biologically susceptible to STI than men.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 399, 400, 402

Skill: Applied

 

75) The IMB model for risk reduction involves

1. information, monogamy, behavioural skills.
2. injection drugs, multiple partners, bias.
3. information, motivation, behavioural skills.
4. identity, monogamy, biological susceptibility

 

Answer: c

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 403

Skill: Recall

 

76) A 2006 Public Health Agency of Canada study found that over half of Canadians

1. were unaware of the connection between HIV and AIDS.
2. had low or moderate levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
3. had high levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
4. had either very low or very high levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 406

Skill: Recall

 

77) During his four years at university Steve had three monogamous relationships in which he and his partner stopped using condoms only after they were together for a few weeks and Steve was certain that his partner was only having sex with him. During the same time period, Sanjay had four hook-ups where condoms were used with partners that he had never met before. Based on what we know about them, which statement about Steve and Sanjay’s STI risk is most accurate? 

1. Steve and Sanjay are at roughly equal risk for STI.
2. We do not have enough information to compare Steve and Sanjay’s risk for STI.
3. Steve is at higher risk for STI than Sanjay.
4. Sanjay is at higher risk for STI than Steve.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 404

Skill: Applied

 

78) Which of the following is unlikely to be accounted for in a rational decision-making model of STI risk-taking?

1. a person deciding not to use condoms because they have determined that their STI risk is low
2. a person agreeing to have unprotected sex because they don’t want to lose their partner
3. a committed monogamous couple switching to oral contraception after two years together and getting HIV and other STI tests
4. after taking a sexuality course, a person deciding to use condoms more consistently

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 402

Skill: Applied

 

79) Men who have sex with men but who self-identify as heterosexual

1. use condoms less than men who only have sex with women.
2. use condoms less than men who identify as gay.
3. use condoms more than men who identify as gay.
4. use condoms equally as much as men who identify as gay.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 402

Skill: Applied

 

80) For each of the following, match the symptoms or description of the STI with the correct organism.

 

81) In Canada, there are no national statistics available on the prevalence of genital herpes.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 379

Skill: Reasll

 

82) Of the STIs for which cases are reported, chlamydia is the most common.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 379

Skill: Recall

 

83) During the latent stage, syphilis can lie dormant for up to five years.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 384

Skill: Applied

 

84) Syphilis requires antiviral medications to be cured.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 385

Skill: Applied

 

85) About a quarter of people with HIV in Canada are unaware that they are infected.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 387

Skill: Recall

 

86) People who are HIV-positive but have no symptoms are unlikely to transmit the virus to others.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 389

Skill: Applied

 

87) Antibiotics other than penicillin are highly effective in eradicating chlamydia infections.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 382

Skill: Applied

 

88) STIs can be transmitted through oral sex.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 405

Skill: Applied

 

89) Using condoms does not reduce the risk of genital herpes.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 393

Skill: Applied

 

90) The use of antibiotics and/or birth control pills can cause changes in the vaginal walls allowing for candidiasis to enter.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 386

Skill: Applied

 

91) There is evidence to suggest that HAART may reduce HIV transmission.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 392

Skill: Recall

 

92) The most common STI is HPV.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 395

Skill: Applied

 

93) John has more than one sexual partner at a time. John is a serial monogamist.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 404

Skill: Applied

 

94) More than 85% of all positive HIV test reports in Canada occurred in the provinces of Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 405

Skill: Applied

 

95) HPV types 6 and 11 cause genital warts. These same HPV types also cause cervical cancer.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 395

Skill: Applied

 

96) Differentiate between common bacterial and viral STIs, giving several examples of each. Discuss how treatments for bacterial and viral STIs differ.

 

Answer:

– bacterial: chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis

– viral: HIV, HPV, HSV

– bacterial treated with antibiotics; different treatments for HIV, HPV, HSV

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 381-396

Skill: Integrated

 

97) Outline the four stages of syphilis infection by discussing the symptoms associated with each stage.

 

Answer:

– 1: painless chancre forms at site of infection

– 2: skin rash, painless reddish raised bumps that darken and burst oozing discharge, swelling of joints, sore throat, headache, fever

– 3/latent: lie dormant, no symptoms

– 4: large ulcer on skin, muscle tissue, digestive organs, lungs, liver, etc. Can attack CNS or cardiovascular system (fatal)

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 384-385

Skill: Integrated

 

98) List and discuss biological and social factors that place women at elevated risk for STI and HIV.

 

Answer:

– biological: more susceptible to STI infection than men; male-to-female transmission of HIV more likely than female-to-male transmission

– social: gender inequality (e.g., power, abuse)

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 390, 399, 402

Skill: Integrated

 

99) Bart is a freshman at university. He’s thinking that there is a fair possibility that there will be opportunities for him to become sexually active over the next few years. Bart decides to create a sexual health plan for himself. What types of questions should Bart ask himself in creating his plan?

 

Answer:

– Does he want to be active? What sexual activities? What circumstances? What steps should he use to avoid STI/HIV (e.g., condom use)?

 

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 405

Skill: Integrated

 

100) Discuss each of the ways HIV can be contracted and ways it cannot be contracted.

 

Answer:

– can: intercourse of any kind, cuts, blood, discharges

– cannot: saliva

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 390

Skill: Integrated

 

101) List and discuss three social factors that contribute to the spread of STIs.

 

Answer:

– gender inequality, sexual orientation, group marginalization, province/territory, culture, social capital, societal attitudes

 

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 402-406

Skill: Integrated

 

102) List and discuss three psychological factors that contribute to the spread of STIs.

 

Answer:

– perceived low risk, lack of communication, psychological obstacles to condom use, alcohol/drug abuse

 

Diff: 3

Type: ES

Page Reference: 399-401

Skill: Conceptual

 

103) List and discuss three biological factors that contribute to the spread of STIs.

 

Answer:

– multiple means of transmission, lifelong infections, asymptomatic cases, increased vulnerability, gender, lack of vaccines and cures

 

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 398-399

Skill: Integrated