Sexual dysfunction – Human Sexuality in a World of Diversity – Rathus – Chapter 13

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1) Agethe sometimes does not have an orgasm when having sex with her partner. She is best described as

1. potentially having an occasional problem with sexual response.
2. likely having a sexual arousal disorder.
3. likely having an orgasmic dysfunction.
4. potentially having a genital function issue.

 

2) According to the Canadian Contraception Study, the most common sexual problem reported by women was

1. my partner has difficulties with premature ejaculation.
2. painful intercourse.
3. low sexual desire.
4. difficulties achieving orgasm through intercourse.

 

3) In the Canadian Contraception Study, about half of women reported that they experienced at least one of the following except

1. painful intercourse.
2. performance anxiety.
3. lack of orgasm.
4. low sexual desire.

 

4) In a survey of 40- to 80-year-old men, the most commonly reported sexual problem was

1. getting and maintaining an erection.
2. delayed ejaculation.
3. rapid ejaculation.
4. anorgasmia.

 

5) Hill (2005) reported that some of the things women reported to be frustrating regarding sexual problems included all of the following except:

1. not experiencing an orgasm during intercourse.
2. partner wanting sex constantly.
3. partner not being affectionate.
4. partner refusing to have sex.

 

6) Vaginismus is classified as a(n)

1. sexual arousal disorder.
2. orgasmic disorder.
3. sexual pain disorder.
4. sexual desire disorder.

 

7) Ever since he became sexually active in his teens, Serge has been able to get an erection when he masturbates but never when he is with a partner. We can describe Serge’s sexual dysfunctions as

1. generalized/situational.
2. lifelong/situational.
3. acquired/generalized.
4. lifelong/generalized.

 

8) Dyspareunia is an example of a sexual

1. addiction disorder.
2. arousal disorder.
3. pain disorder.
4. desire disorder.

 

9) Sally and Joe sometimes experience painful intercourse. They suffer from

1. dyspareunia.
2. vaginismus.
3. anhedonism.
4. none of the above.

 

10) Rapid ejaculation is classified as a

1. orgasmic disorder.
2. nervous response disorder.
3. arousal disorder.
4. desire disorder.

 

11) Yoline was sexually assaulted two years ago. Since that time, she finds it extremely difficult, if not impossible, to become sexually aroused. Yoline’s dysfunction would be categorized as

1. lifelong and situational.
2. situational and generalized.
3. acquired and situational.
4. acquired and generalized.

12) People who have little or no interest in sex are said to have

1. sexual aversion disorder.
2. hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
3. a sexual disorder.
4. impotence or frigidity.

 

13) One of the sexual dysfunctions most commonly diagnosed is

1. sexual pain disorder.
2. sexual absence disorder.
3. orgasmic disorder.
4. hypoactive sexual desire.

 

14) Lack of sexual desire should not be considered a clinical sexual dysfunction if the person

1. has blood tests that indicate normal androgen levels.
2. is currently taking antidepressant medication.
3. is not distressed by his or her low level of sexual interest.
4. is over the age of 50.

 

15) Hypogonadism is treated with

1. estrogen.
2. testosterone.
3. aspirin.
4. Viagra.

 

16) The most common psychological cause of sexual desire disorder is

1. depression.
2. anxiety.
3. a history of sexual assault.
4. hypertension.

 

17) Sexual aversion disorder describes a person who

1. has little or no interest in sex.
2. has a phobia related to genitalia.
3. is disgusted by sex.
4. is phobic about masturbation.

 

18) In women, a prominent cause of sexual aversion disorder is

1. having a partner with a sexual aversion disorder.
2. a history of inhibited sexual desire.
3. depression.
4. a history of sexual trauma.

 

19) Which statement is true regarding low interest in sex?

1. Women with inhibited sexual desire usually have low levels of testosterone.
2. It is not a problem only associated with women.
3. Anxiety is generally not associated with inhibited desire.
4. Women with a sexual desire disorder tend to be older than men with the disorder.

 

20) A lack of the subjective feelings of sexual pleasure or excitement that normally accompany sexual arousal is characteristic of

1. sexual arousal disorder.
2. sexual aversion disorder.
3. hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
4. male erectile disorder.

 

21) In men, sexual arousal disorder is referred to as

1. sexual aversion.
2. erectile dysfunction.
3. premature ejaculation.
4. hypogonadism.

 

22) If a male has erectile dysfunction only when he is with his partner but is able to get an erection when he is alone, this would be classified as a ________________ dysfunction.

1. relationship.
2. generalized.
3. situational.
4. interpersonal.

 

23) A male who thinks to himself “Am I hard enough?” when engaging in sexual activity is suffering from

1. dyspareunia.
2. an orgasmic disorder.
3. performance anxiety.
4. the placebo effect.

 

24) Which of the following is not a psychosocial factor associated with the development of sexual dysfunctions?

1. relationship dissatisfaction
2. anxiety
3. SSRIs
4. irrational beliefs

 

25) According to research by Rye (2001), what percentage of university women sometimes or usually required direct clitoral stimulation to have an orgasm during intercourse?

1. 33%
2. 53%
3. 73%
4. 93%

 

26) To be classified as having rapid ejaculation, a man must ejaculate

1. within 10 minutes after penetration.
2. within seven minutes after penetration.
3. more quickly than the average man of the same age.
4. more quickly than he wants to.

 

27) A disorder related to delayed ejaculation is

1. generally lifelong.
2. often limited to masturbation.
3. frequently limited to intercourse.
4. common in older men.

28) One of the most common male sexual dysfunctions reported in Canada is

1. anorgasmia.
2. delayed ejaculation.
3. rapid ejaculation.
4. dyspareunia.

 

29) Deanna has never experienced an orgasm during intercourse but can achieve orgasm through masturbation. She is concerned that she has an orgasmic disorder. What should Deanna know?

1. She probably holds some deep-seated resentment toward her partner that needs to be resolved.
2. She is correct and probably does suffer from female orgasmic disorder.
3. Many women cannot achieve orgasm through intercourse alone and require direct stimulation of the clitoris.
4. She probably suffers from guilt and sees sex as something shameful.

 

30) Persistent pain associated with stimulation of the vaginal area is called

1. vaginismus.
2. vulvodynia.
3. vaginitis.
4. coital incontinence.

 

31) Researchers in Montreal extensively studied dyspareunia. Based on their findings, they suggest that dyspareunia should be categorized not as sexual dysfunction but as a

1. relationship disorder.
2. physiological disorder.
3. neurological disorder.
4. pain disorder.

 

32) The most common cause of pain during intercourse is

1. vaginal infections.
2. inadequate lubrication.
3. pelvic inflammatory disease.
4. penile contact with the cervix.

 

33) Vaginismus is the

1. voluntary contraction of vaginal muscles that prevents penetration.
2. experience of pain during intercourse because of pelvic inflammatory disease.
3. experience of pain during intercourse because of deep penile penetration.
4. involuntary contraction of the pelvic muscles near the vaginal opening, which prevents penetration.

 

34) It is important to consider a range of possible factors that contribute to the development of sexual dysfunction. These factors include all of the following except

1. psychological.
2. social.
3. legal.
4. biological.

 

35) The New View of women’s sexuality developed by Tiefer (2001) classifies the causes of women’s sexual problems into four main groups which include all of the following factors except

1. psychological.
2. economic and political.
3. relationship.
4. orgasm and arousal.

 

36) Researchers find that health problems contribute to all types of sexual dysfunctions among men, but for women health problems seem to contribute particularly to sexual dysfunctions related to

1. pain.
2. depression.
3. anxiety.
4. medication.

 

37) All of the following are common causes of erectile dysfunction except

1. performance anxiety.
2. diabetes.
3. low self-esteem.
4. marijuana use.

 

38) Occasional problems getting and maintaining an erection are common and are likely to be the result of any of the following except

1. drinking too much alcohol.
2. consuming a high carbohydrate meal.
3. fatigue.
4. anxiety.

 

39) Tranquilizers (e.g., Valium, Xanax) are most likely to cause sexual dysfunctions related to

1. desire.
2. arousal.
3. pain.
4. orgasm.

 

40) Some medications to treat depression impair sexual functioning (e.g., SSRIs). One medication that is often prescribed along with an SSRI to help prevent sexual side effects is

1. Valium.
2. Demerol.
3. Wellbutrin.
4. Panax.

 

 

41) A primary objective of the PLISSIT model is to

1. administer tests to identify the extent to which medications may be interfering with sexual function.
2. help clients understand and use their responses to sexual communication questionnaires to resolve sexual conflicts.
3. differentiate between sexual problems that can be resolved with basic education and those that require specialized therapy.
4. help clients understand the range of pharmacological treatments that might be appropriate for them.

 

42) Claire assigns her sex therapy clients Michelle and Shamin to daily homework in which they try sensate focus exercises. Claire’s approach reflects the

1. biopsychosocial approach.
2. Masters and Johnson approach.
3. PLISSIT Model.
4. psychoanalytic approach.

 

43) People who find it difficult to accept their sex organs as sources of pleasure likely feel this way because

1. they are misinformed about sexual function.
2. their parents instilled in them a sense of guilt over touching their genitals.
3. they have poor communication skills.
4. they have a sexual dysfunction.

 

44) The most common models used in sex therapy are

1. psychoanalytic.
2. individually focused.
3. medically focused.
4. cognitive and behavioural.

 

45) The only Canadian professional organization that currently certifies sex therapists is the

1. Canadian Association of Sex Educators, Counsellors, and Therapists (CASECT).
2. Quebec Board of Sex Therapy Certification (QBSTC).
3. Board of Examiners in Sex Therapy and Counselling in Ontario (BESTCO).
4. Canadian Medical Association (CMA).

 

46) Sexual contact between a sex therapist and a client is

1. unethical.
2. recommended for some dysfunctions but certainly not all.
3. legal if the therapist is a licensed sex surrogate.
4. legal only if the client gives written consent.

 

47) A sex therapist helps his client uncover the deep-seated psychological roots of his lack of desire for sex with his partner. The therapist’s approach is an example of

1. an insight oriented approach.
2. a cognitive-behavioural approach.
3. a mindfulness approach.
4. the PLISSIT model approach.

 

48) Erectile dysfunction drugs such as Viagra and Cialis work by

1. increasing the metabolism of testosterone.
2. increasing sexual thoughts.
3. facilitating blood flow into the penis.
4. facilitating the flow of arousal responses in the brain to the penis.

 

49) Erectile dysfunction drugs such as Viagra and Cialis should not be taken by men

1. taking nitrate drugs.
2. who have a history of alcoholism.
3. who are diabetic.
4. taking SSRI drugs.

 

50) A gender-sensitive practice introduced by two Calgary therapists focuses on

1. conflicts caused by gender differences.
2. meeting the women’s intimacy needs by educating the male partner.
3. critiquing how traditional gender roles restrict the sexual fulfillment of both genders.
4. teaching males to better understand the female perspective in terms of sexuality.

 

51) Viagra, which enhances the natural processes of erection, was introduced in

1996. 1996.
1997. 1997.
1998. 1998.
1999. 1999.

 

52) Based on the findings of the Canadian Contraception Study, which group of women would be most likely to report low sexual desire?

1. married older women
2. married younger women
3. highly educated younger women
4. older single women

 

53) Who pioneered the use of the direct behavioural approach to treat sexual dysfunctions?

1. Sigmund Freud
2. Masters and Johnson
3. Alfred Kinsey
4. Helen Singer Kaplan

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 364

Skill: Recall

 

54) As part of their sex therapy program, Bill and John practice a series of touching exercises that involve caressing and stroking body areas other than the genitals. These exercises are called

1. reciprocal massage.
2. pre-penetration stimulation.
3. the stop-start technique.
4. sensate focus.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 367

Skill: Applied

 

55) A criticism of contemporary sex therapy offered by Kleinplatz is that it tends to be

1. overly focused on process rather than on outcomes.
2. focused on solving problems rather than enhancing eroticism.
3. insufficiently integrated with modern medical treatments.
4. focused disproportionately on relationship issues compared to sexual skills development.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 369

Skill: Recall

 

56) The development of effective biological treatments for female sexual dysfunction has lagged behind the development of biological treatments for male sexual dysfunction. Some have speculated this is because

1. pharmaceutical companies believe there would only be a small market for female sexual dysfunction drugs.
2. sexual dysfunction is less common among women.
3. female sexual response is more directly tied to psychosocial issues.
4. women’s reproductive systems are more complex than men’s.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 369-370

Skill: Recall

 

57) In treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder, some therapists suggest

1. self-stimulation exercises and erotic fantasy.
2. the start-stop technique.
3. the squeeze technique.
4. vaginal dilators.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 366

Skill: Recall

 

58) Some cases of low sexual desire among men involve hormonal deficiencies. For men with low testosterone, hormone replacement therapy is effective in about

1. 25% of cases.
2. 50% of cases.
3. 75% of cases.
4. 100% of cases.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 366

Skill: Recall

 

59) Which of the following is not likely to be a cause of sexual arousal disorder among women?

1. cognitive interference
2. impaired blood flow to the genitals
3. lack of knowledge of sexual response
4. elevated testosterone

 

Answer: d

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 369

Skill: Applied

 

60) For treating erectile dysfunction, Tadalafil is

1. an injectible drug that increases the level of nitric oxide in the penis.
2. a drug that relaxes the muscles that surround the small blood vessels in the penis.
3. an inflatable type of penile implant.
4. a testosterone patch.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 367

Skill: Recall

 

61) Of the following, which is not likely to be a recommended treatment for sexual desire disorder?

1. arousing fantasies
2. the squeeze technique
3. masturbation
4. sensate focus

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 366

Skill: Applied

 

62) In treating orgasmic disorder in women, once intercourse is introduced, it is recommended that the couple use the

1. lateral-entry position.
2. female-superior position.
3. male-superior position.
4. rear-entry position.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 371

Skill: Recall

 

63) For women who are unable to have orgasms, a good suggestion is to

1. try a vibrator.
2. limit masturbation to once a week.
3. focus on improving cardio-vascular fitness.
4. direct all sexual stimulation specifically on eliciting an orgasmic response.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 371-372

Skill: Applied

 

64) The stop-start and squeeze techniques are most likely to be effective for men with

1. situational rapid ejaculation.
2. mild rapid ejaculation.
3. severe rapid ejaculation.
4. lifelong rapid ejaculation.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 373

Skill: Applied

 

65) Biological treatments for rapid ejaculation include

1. androgens.
2. vasodilators.
3. antidepressants.
4. nitrates.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 373

Skill: Applied

 

66) In a follow-up study several years after treatment, Bergeron and Binik found that cognitive-behavioural treatment for dyspareunia was found to be

1. just as effective as surgery.
2. just as effective as biofeedback.
3. less effective than surgery.
4. less effective than biofeedback.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 373

Skill: Recall

 

67) Plastic vaginal dilators are used in the treatment of

1. female sexual arousal disorder.
2. female orgasmic disorder.
3. vaginismus.
4. dyspareunia.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 373

Skill: Recall

 

68) New_Layout_MCSS

 

69) Which of the following was not identified by the Kleinplatz et al. study as a component of great sex?

1. communication and empathy
2. interpersonal risk-taking
3. being present, focused, and embodied
4. minimum proficiency in performing oral sex

 

Answer: d

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 374

Skill: Recall

 

70) Research by Brotto and colleagues suggest that _________ show promise in treating women’s sexual concerns.

1. digestive cleansing programs
2. mindfulness techniques
3. some Scientology techniques
4. biofeedback programs

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 375

Skill: Applied

 

71) For each of the following individuals, match their symptoms with the correct sexual dysfunction.

 

72) If a man is occasionally unable to get an erection when he wants to, this is an indication that he has a sexual dysfunction.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 348

Skill: Applied

 

73) Hypogonadism may cause low sexual interest and erectile difficulties in men.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 357

Skill: Applied

 

74) Dyspareunia is characterized by pain in the genital area during sexual activity.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 354

Skill: Applied

 

75) Rapid ejaculation and premature ejaculation are similar but different sexual dysfunctions.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 353

Skill: Applied

 

76) A majority of women are able to have an orgasm without clitoral stimulation.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 353

Skill: Applied

 

77) Persistent pain from contact with the entrance to the vagina is called vulvar vestibulitis.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 355-356

Skill: Applied

 

78) The New View classification system for female sexual dysfunction is designed to increase the emphasis on the medical aspects of female sexuality.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 356

Skill: Applied

 

79) Diabetes mellitus can have an impact on sexual response.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 357-358

Skill: Recall

 

80) Taking narcotics can depress the production of testosterone and, as a result, reduce sexual desire.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 359

Skill: Recall

 

81) For most couples, problems in the relationship can easily be separated off from what happens in the bedroom.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 361

Skill: Recall

 

82) Psychosocial factors are never connected with sexual dysfunctions.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 359-361

Skill: Applied

 

83) Men who exercise regularly are more likely to get erectile dysfunction than men who conserve their energy.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 358

Skill: Applied

 

84) Keeping close track of how your body is sexually responding and thinking of sex as a “performance” can help you to avoid developing sexual dysfunctions.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 362

Skill: Applied

 

85) Sensate focus exercises may be used to lessen generalized anxiety about sexual contact.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 364

Skill: Applied

 

86) The female-superior intercourse position can be helpful for men who ejaculate quickly and for women having difficulty reaching orgasm during intercourse.

1. True
2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 371, 372

Skill: Applied

 

87) Compare and contrast hypoactive sexual desire disorder with sexual aversion disorder in terms of the clinical symptoms and potential causes.

 

Answer:

– HSDD: lack of sexual desire; could be caused by being tired, etc.

– SAD: low sexual desire; finding sex disgusting or aversive; avoiding genital contact; could be caused by history of erectile problems, or sex abuse/trauma

Diff: 1

Type: ES

Page Reference: 349-350

Skill: Integrated

 

88) Discuss why orgasmic disorder is more prevalent in women than in men. Describe techniques that can be used to help women reach orgasm more easily.

 

Answer:

– It can take longer for women to orgasm; often requires clitoral stimulation.

– Women may feel pressure from partner to orgasm.

– Vibrator use, female-superior position, etc., can help.

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 353, 370-371

Skill: Integrated

 

89) Define rapid ejaculation and potential treatments.

 

Answer:

– Male ejaculates more quickly than he wants to.

– Stop-start/squeeze techniques, SSRIs, can help.

Diff: 3

Type: ES

Page Reference: 353-354, 372-373

Skill: Conceptual

 

90) Discuss three major psychosocial causes of sexual dysfunctions among men and women.

 

Answer:

– cultural influences, boredom, problems in the relationship, lack of communication, myths/misinformation, etc.

 

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 359-362

Skill: Integrated

 

91) List the four components of the PLISSIT model for sexual counselling. For each component give a brief hypothetical example.

 

Answer:

– permission, limited information, specific suggestions, refer for intensive therapy

 

Diff: 3

Type: ES

Page Reference: 364

Skill: Conceptual

 

92) Discuss Kleinplatz and colleagues’ study on the components of great sex. What lessons can be learned from the study that we can use in helping people more fully enjoy their sexual lives?

 

Answer:

– connection, intimacy, communication, exploration, etc.

– less about mastering physical techniques and more about being comfortable and secure (having intimacy) with partner.

Diff: 3

Type: ES

Page Reference: 374

Skill: integrated